- Nextcloud
- Jonathan Haack
- Haack's Networking
- netcmnd@jonathanhaack.com
Nextcloud
This tutorial is for a Nextcloud instance on Debian GNU/Linux. For why one would want such a thing, read: The issue with Public Cloud. This tutorial assumes you have LAMP/FEMP and TLS encryption for your site already, and if not, go here:Apache Survivial. So we begin:
sudo apt install apache2-utils php-xml php-curl php-gd php-cgi php-cli php-zip php-mysql php-mbstring php-intl php-fpm php-apcu php-gmp php-imagick php-bcmath php-bz2 wget unzip
Or …
sudo apt-get install php-{xml,curl,gd,cgi,zip,mysql,mbstring,intl,fpm,apcu,gmp,imagick,bcmath,bz2}
Once these are installed, make sure you can enable them and that you have no errors in your configurations:
sudo a2enmod ssl sudo a2enmod headers sudo a2enmod proxy_fcgi sudo a2enmod setenvif sudo a2enconf php8.2-fpm sudo a2enconf php8.2-cgi sudo sudo apache2ctl configtest
There may be some others for your use case. Assuming you left the webroot in /var/www/html, the next step is downloading nextcloud, moving it to webroot, and setting up proper permissions:
cd /var/www/nextcloud.jonathanhaack.com/
sudo wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest.zip
sudo unzip latest.zip
sudo rm latest.zip
sudo rm public_html
sudo mv nextcloud public_html
cd public_html
sudo chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/nextcloud.jonathanhaack.com/public_html/
sudo mkdir /var/www/nextcloud.jonathanhaack.com/nextclouddata
sudo chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/nextcloud.jonathanhaack.com/nextclouddata
sudo chmod 750 -R /var/www/nextcloud.jonathanhaack.com/nextclouddata
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/nextcloud.jonathanhaack.com/public_html/data
sudo chmod 0640 *.php *.txt *.html AUTHORS COPYING
sudo chmod 0750 {3rdparty,apps,config,core,data,lib,ocm-provider,ocs,ocs-provider,resources,settings,themes,updater}
sudo chown root:www-data /var/www/nextcloud.jonathanhaack.com/public_html/
sudo chown www-data:www-data {apps,config,data,themes,updater}
sudo chmod 0755 /var/www/nextcloud.jonathanhaack.com/public_html/occ
sudo chmod 0644 /var/www/nextcloud.jonathanhaack.com/public_html/.htaccess
sudo chown root:www-data /var/www/nextcloud.jonathanhaack.com/public_html/.htaccess
sudo systemctl restart mysql
sudo systemctl restart mysqld
sudo systemctl restart apache2
sudo systemctl restart php7.3-fpm.service
Prepare MariaDB server for 4-byte characters prior to creating database:
sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
Once inside that file, copy these configurations under the [mysqld] block and restart the service:
innodb_large_prefix=true innodb_file_format=barracuda innodb_file_per_table=1
It is now time to set up your database:
sudo mysql -u root -p
Enter your password for sudo and then for MySQL. Once inside MySQL command mode, you will have a “>” prompt. You will need to create a database for Nextcloud, a database user for Nextcloud, give that user permissions over the database as follows:
CREATE DATABASE nextcloud; CREATE USER nextclouduser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'put-password-here'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* to nextclouduser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'put-password-here'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; EXIT;
Let's first restart the web server, php, and mysql:
sudo systemctl restart mysql sudo systemctl restart apache2 sudo systemctl restart php7.3-fpm.service
Now, visit test.com in your browser and then specify the following configuration options:
- create new user name: adminname
- create new user pass: password
- specify data folder: /var/www/nextclouddata
- database user name: nextclouduser
- database name: nextcloud
- database location: localhost
The first thing to do is to navigate to Settings, Overview. Nextcloud has a built in system recommendation tool that will specify remaining set up optimizations, etc. The first one I needed was to optimize opcache settings, so I opened the opcache file to adjust its settings:
sudo nano /etc/php/8.2/cli/conf.d/10-opcache.ini
I entered the following settings, currently recommended by Nextcloud. You should always check/verify this before copying and pasting:
opcache.enable=1 opcache.enable_cli=1 opcache.interned_strings_buffer=16 opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000 opcache.memory_consumption=128 opcache.save_comments=1 opcache.revalidate_freq=1
To adjust php memory limit and post size, navigate to these locations and change the following parameters:
sudo nano /etc/php/7.3/cli/php.ini sudo nano /etc/php/7.3/cgi/php.ini sudo nano /etc/php/7.3/fpm/php.ini sudo nano /etc/php/7.3/apache2/php.ini [if using libapache mod instead] upload_max_filesize=2G post_max_size=2G memory_limit=512M
Next, adjust your max age header in your ssl vhost:
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/default-ssl.conf <Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains">
Enable overrides so that cal/card dav will work without cumbersome vhost entries:
sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf <AllowOverride All>
If you do not want to allow overrides, then manually set the redirects for cal/card dav as follows:
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/default-ssl.conf <Redirect 301 /.well-known/carddav /var/www/html/remote.php/dav> <Redirect 301 /.well-known/caldav /var/www/html/remote.php/dav>
Lastly, when upgraing you might get a big integers db error. If so, run this in web root:
sudo -u www-data php occ db:convert-filecache-bigint
To configure cron to refresh php every 5 minutes:
sudo crontab -e -u www-data
<MAILTO="email@email.com"> <*/5 * * * * php -f /var/www/html/cron.php > /dev/null 2>&1>
To fine tune php:
sudo nano /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/server_tuning.html
For a 4GB server:
pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 120 pm.start_servers = 12 pm.min_spare_servers = 6 pm.max_spare_servers = 18
For a 1GB server, use defaults:
pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 5 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 1 pm.max_spare_servers = 3
To reset permissions after an update:
cd /var/www/codetalkers.group/public_html/
sudo chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/codetalkers.group/public_html/*
sudo chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/codetalkers.group/nextclouddata
sudo chmod 0640 *.php *.txt *.html AUTHORS COPYING
sudo chmod 0750 {3rdparty,apps,config,core,data,lib,ocm-provider,ocs,ocs-provider,resources,settings,themes,updater}
sudo chown root:www-data /var/www/codetalkers.group/public_html
sudo chown www-data:www-data {apps,config,data,themes,updater}
sudo chmod 0755 /var/www/codetalkers.group/public_html/occ
sudo chmod 0644 /var/www/codetalkers.group/public_html/.htaccess
sudo chown root:www-data /var/www/codetalkers.group/public_html/.htaccess
sudo systemctl restart mysql
sudo systemctl restart mysqld
sudo systemctl restart apache2pm = dynamic
sudo systemctl restart php7.3-fpm.service
Need to manually move files from an old NAS or elsewhere to Nextcloud:
sudo -u www-data php /var/www/html/nextcloud/occ files:scan --all sudo -u www-data php occ files:scan --path=/oemb1905/files/Movies/Television/Twilight/ sudo -u www-data php occ files:scan --path=/heather/files/ sudo -u www-data php occ files:scan --help
Okay, and for Nextcloud Talk configuration, you need a Turn server for video chat to work:
sudo apt install coturn sudo nano /etc/turnserver.conf openssl rand -hex 32
The Nextcloud guide recommends these minimum values:
listening-port=3478 fingerprint use-auth-secret static-auth-secret=<use hex key from last step above> realm=your.domain.org total-quota=100 bps-capacity=0 stale-nonce no-multicast-peers systemctl restart coturn
After doing this, go to Nextcloud / Settings / Talk, and enter localhost:3478 for the TURN server, and put the same hex key from above in for the secret key field. Restart all your services and test - should work. Some apps, like the Community Document Server, take too long to download for the default php settings. In this case, extend the execution time:
sudo nano /etc/php/7.3/cli/php.ini sudo nano /etc/php/7.3/apache2/php.ini sudo nano /etc/php/7.3/fpm/php.ini sudo nano /var/www/html/.user.ini max_excution_time = 240 (for all of them)
If you get the missing indexes error on an upgrade, use:
sudo -u www-data php occ db:add-missing-indices
Brute force won't permit log in
select database; delete FROM oc_bruteforce_attempts; flush privileges; exit;
Log in normally after that. My latest command is for Stubborn files that won't delete from trashbin:
sudo -u www-data php occ trashbin:cleanup --all-users
Phone region issue
sudo nano /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php 'default_phone_region' => 'GB',
New weird error about svg support for phpimagick
sudo apt install libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra
Upgrade & Update:
cd /var/www/html/nextcloud/ sudo -u www-data php occ upgrade cd /var/www/html/nextcloud/updater/ sudo -u www-data php updater.phar
Use redis for everything except local memcache which uses apcu. Also, in this configuration, redis is on the same machine as nextcloud. First, install needed packages. Adjust versions to your needs.
sudo apt install php-{apcu,redis,memcache,memcached} redis memcached redis-server
sudo apt install php8.3-{apcu,redis,memcache,memcached} redis memcached redis-server
sudo apt-get install php-{xml,curl,gd,cgi,zip,mysql,mbstring,intl,fpm,apcu,gmp,imagick,bcmath,bz2}
sudo apt-get install php8.3-{xml,curl,gd,cgi,zip,mysql,mbstring,intl,fpm,apcu,gmp,imagick,bcmath,bz2}
Then, right underneath the 'filelocking.enabled' ⇒ true, line, enter the following:
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu', 'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis', 'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis', 'redis' => [ 'host' => 'localhost', 'port' => 6379, ],
Configure apcu in php mods:
sudo nano /etc/php/7.x/mods-available/apcu.ini <apc.enable_cli=1>
To get Social working, these rewrite rules are needed. However, these need to actually point to a .well-known directory which is configured properly. If, however, override All did not make that or your instance was upgraded and does not have it, these rewrites in .htaccess will not be enough on their own.
RewriteRule ^\.well-known/webfinger /index.php/.well-known/webfinger [R=301,L] RewriteRule ^\.well-known/nodeinfo /nextcloud/index.php/.well-known/nodeinfo [R=301,L]
Enable rotation of logs
'log_rotate_size' => 100 * 1024 * 1024,
Delete the log contents (removes errors from admin settings GUI)
sudo -u www-data truncate nextcloud.log --size 0
This will put the logs on a schedule and remove old errors in due time. When I put Nextcloud behind a reverse proxy, I had to change the following in the primary config:
sudo nano /var/www/inside.outsidebox.vip/public_html/config/config.php
'trusted_domains' =>
array (
0 => 'inside.outsidebox.vip',
1 => '10.13.13.33',
),
'overwritehost' => 'inside.outsidebox.vip',
'overwriteprotocol' => 'https',
This ensures that the upstream subnet and node is trusted and that external url requests don't try to access the subnet directly. There are other notes in the proxmox tutorial since that is when I set up the reverse proxy setup. There is now a recommended maintenance window setting:
'maintenance_window_start' => 1,
Mimetype migrations
sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:repair --include-expensive
— oemb1905 2024/04/13 21:17
