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This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- computing:gnulinux [2018/02/04 03:12] – oemb1905
+++ computing:gnulinux [2018/05/18 08:05] (current) – removed oemb1905
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
--------------------------------------------
-  * **gnulinux**
-  * **Jonathan Haack**
-  * **Haack's Networking**
-  * **netcmnd@jonathanhaack.com**
--------------------------------------------
-//Welcome to my gnulinux wiki page.  This page has simple and complex system administrationnotes to remind me when I forget something that I already learned!  If you are visiting, I hope you find the page useful.//
--------------------------------------------
-#**powerpc gnulinux notes; issues, installs +**
--------------------------------------------
-Making a bootable usb stick ...
-  diskutil list
-  diskutil eraseDisk <filesystemtype> <partitionname> <diskidentifier>
-  diskutil unmountDisk <diskidentifier>
-Examples
-  sudo dd if=/Volumes/Cave/Users/axes/Desktop/lubuntu.iso of=/dev/disk4 bs=1m
-  sudo dd if=/Users/me/tails-i386-1.3.iso of=/dev/rdisk9 bs=16m && sync
-Insert USB drive into PPC Mac of choice, depress command-option-o-f (open firmware)
-try usb0, usb1, usb2, etc. until it works and finds the port you used for the img
-  probe-usb
-  boot usb0/disk@1:2,\\yaboot
-  boot usb1/disk@1:2,\\yaboot
-once inside the yaboot shell, some common examples are:
-  install url=mintppc.org
-  install
-  cli
-  cli-expert
-  cli64
-  cli64-expert
--------------------------------------------
-#**wireless hardware drivers, b43 cutter +**
--------------------------------------------
-  deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free
-  deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
-  apt-get update
-  sudo lspci
-  apt-get install firmware-b43-installer
-  apt-get install firmware-b43-lpphy-installer
-  apt-get install firmware-b43legacy-installer
-use lspci above and then visit https://wiki.debian.org/bcm43xx#supported-b43
--------------------------------------------
-#**some imaging notes**
--------------------------------------------
-convert .iso to .img syntax example
-  hdiutil convert -format UDRW -o destination_file.img source_file.iso
-  diskutil list
-  diskutil partitionDisk /dev/disk1 1 "Free Space" "unused" "100%"
-  dd if=[Directory/to/udrw/img] of=/dev/disk1 bs=1m
-  diskutil eject /dev/disk2
-Plug into the Intel Mac, hold option while booting, proceed w/ install
--------------------------------------------
-#**optical media ripping from command line**
--------------------------------------------
-  cdrecord -pad -dao -data blag-140k-i686.iso
--------------------------------------------
-#**security & policy information**
--------------------------------------------
-  sudo nano /etc/pam.d/common-password
-Prevent Log in - create file
-  /etc/nologin
-tcpdump common uses; monitoring traffic on network
-  tcpdump -n -i <eth0> <host> <x.x.x.x>
-  tcpdump -n -i <eth0> <port> <#>
-  tcpdump -i eth0 -nn -c 10 tcp and host <x.x.x.x>
-  tcpdump -i wlan0 port http or port smtp or port imap or port pop3 -l -A | egrep -e 'pass=|pwd=|log=|login=|user=|username=|pw=|passw=|passwd=|password=|pass:|user:|username:|password:|login:pass |user |Referer:'
-Generate
-  sudo htpasswd -c .htpasswd username
-Syntax for .htaccess
-  AuthUserFile /private/etc/httpd/.htpasswd
-  AuthGroupFile /dev/null
-  AuthName "Members Only"
-  AuthType Basic
-  <Limit GET POST>
-  require valid-user
-  </Limit>
--------------------------------------------
-#**display managers; lightdm & gdm3**
--------------------------------------------
-  cd /usr/share/lightdm/light.conf.d/
-Global lightdm settings here
-  cd /etc/lightdm/
-  sudo nano lightdm.conf
-Lightdm ubuntu-MATE greeter and lock screen issues
-  /usr/share/common/backgrounds/ubuntu-mate-common/Ubuntu-Mate-Cold.jpg
-  /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
-The .conf file w/ some common sense parameters
-  [SeatDefaults]
-  allow-guest=false
-  greeter-hide-users=true
--------------------------------------------
-#**ubuntu-MATE; DE 'porting' and tweaks 2 OS**
--------------------------------------------
-  sudo apt install mate-tweak
-  cd /etc/apt/sources.list
-  sudo nano sources.list
-  <add contrib non-free to default debian repositories>
-  sudo apt update
-  sudo apt upgrade
-  sudo reboot
-  <upon reboot, begin the harvesting of ubuntu-MATE themes>
-  cd /etc/apt/sources.list
-  sudo nano sources.list
-    <in the config file you just opened add the two repos below - no braces!>
-    <deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety main restricted non-free>
-    <deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety universe main restricted non-free>
-  sudo apt update
-  sudo apt install ubuntu-keyring-archive
-  sudo apt update
-  sudo apt install ubuntu-mate*
-    <computer might crash during install, reboot, repeat or remove wildcard and install piecemeal>
-  sudo apt autoremove
-  cd /etc/apt/sources.list
-  sudo nano sources.list
-    <change the config file and comment out ubuntu repositories>
-    <#deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety main restricted non-free>
-    <#deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety universe main restricted non-free>
-  sudo apt update
-  sudo apt autoremove
-  sudo apt update
-  sudo apt upgrade
-  sudo reboot
-    <there could / will be problems when you attempt to sudo apt update - if so>
-  sudo apt update --fix-missing <may need to run with and without ubuntu repos>
-  sudo dpkg --reconfigure -a
-    <there may also be a file in var that needs removed - be careful>
-  rm -rf /var/<path/to/locked/file/from/apt/update/on/ubuntu>
--------------------------------------------
-#**mac - hardware - gnulinux requirements**
--------------------------------------------
-mac fan control; needed to ensure computer does not fry ...
-  apt-get update
-  apt-get install macfanctld
-  /etc/macfanctl.conf
-  <set desired values>
-  service macfanctld restart
--------------------------------------------
-#**openWRT notes**
--------------------------------------------
-Enabling https,
-  opkg update
-  #opkg install luci-lib-px5g px5g-standalone libustream-openssl
-  opkg install luci-ssl
-  nano /etc/config/uhttpd
-[disable 80, edit px5g below]
-  /etc/init.d/uhttpd restart
--------------------------------------------
-#**openVPN server / client notes**
--------------------------------------------
-This tutorial is designed for users interested in setting up a von server on an embedded system, but it can easily be transferred to other systems.  In this case, I used a WNDR 3800 from Netgear, with openWRT chaos calmer.  This tutorial assumes that the router is already flashed and ready to go.
-  ssh root@openWRTname
-  opkg update
-  opkg install zip openvpn-easy-rsa openvpn-openssl
-  mv /etc/config/openvpnconfig/openvpn /etc/config/
-  mv /etc/easy-rsa /etc/config/openvpnconfig/
-  cd /etc/
-  ln -s config/openvpnconfig/easy-rsa ./ OR [ln -s config/openvpnconfig/easy-rsa ./]
-Now, edit the vars file and build the keys.  (Optionally, you can build the dh key on a different host and then scp it over to the openWRT to save time since it is a processor intensive key building operation.)
-  nano /etc/config/openvpnconfig/easy-rsa/vars
-  source vars
-  nano /etc/config/openvpnconfig/openvpnWRT.conf
-  nano /etc/config/openvpn
-  build-ca
-  build-dh <OR> openssl dhparam -out /tmp/dh2048.pem 2048
-  build-key-server server OR [build-key-server <servername>]
-The openvpn //configuration file// should be in /etc/config/ and minimally should have:
-  package openvpn
-  config openvpn openvpn_WRT
-  option enabled 1
-  option config /etc/config/openvpnconfig/openvpnWRT.conf
-The openvpnWRT.conf file should minimally be configured as follows:
-  float
-  port 1194
-  proto udp
-  dev tun
-  comp-lzo yes
-  tls-version-min 1.2
-  tls-cipher      TLS-DHE-RSA-WITH-AES-256-GCM-SHA384:TLS-DHE-RSA-WITH-AES-256-CBC-SHA256:TLS-DHE-RSA-WITH-AES-128-GCM-SHA256
-  dh   easy-rsa/keys/dh2048.pem
-  ca   easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt
-  key  easy-rsa/keys/server.key
-  cert easy-rsa/keys/server.crt
-  #crl-verify /etc/config/openvpnconfig/easy-rsa/keys/crl.pem
-  ifconfig-pool-persist /tmp/ipp.txt
-  client-config-dir clients
-  status /var/log/openvpn-status.log
-  ##Don't enable unless you disable all static ip options below#
-  #server [10.10.84.0 255.255.255.0]
-  ##begin VPN options for static ip mode (mode server)##
-  mode server
-  tls-server
-  topology subnet
-  push "topology subnet"
-  ifconfig [10.10.84.1] 255.255.255.0
-  route-gateway [10.10.84.1]
-  push "route-gateway [10.10.84.1]"
-  ifconfig-pool [10.10.84.32 10.10.84.254 255.255.255.0]
-  ##end VPN options for static ip##
-  ##general LAN options##
-  push "route [192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0]"
-  push "dhcp-option DOMAIN [lan.local]"
-  push "dhcp-option DNS [192.168.1.1]"
-  client-to-client
-  mute 5
-  log /tmp/openvpn.log
-  keepalive 10 120
-  persist-key
-  persist-tun
-Now, to build the certificates for clients, use easy-rsa and pkitool as follows:
-__Template Instructions__ from jjscha; copy these files t the openvpn server
-  scp -r openvpnconfig root@[openwrt]:/etc/config/
-  ssh root@[openwrt]
-on the openwrt:
-  opkg update
-  opkg install zip openvpn-easy-rsa openvpn-openssl
-  mv /etc/config/openvpnconfig/openvpn /etc/config/
-  mv /etc/easy-rsa /etc/config/openvpnconfig/
-  cd /etc/
-  ln -s config/openvpnconfig/easy-rsa ./
-  vi /etc/config/openvpnconfig/easy-rsa/vars
-  source vars
-  vi /etc/config/openvpnconfig/openvpnWRT.conf
-  vi /etc/config/openvpn
-  build-ca
-  build-dh
-  build-key-server server
-  /etc/config/openvpnconfig/easyrsa-user-setup-openwrt.sh
--> add interface for vpn tun
--> add firewall zone
--> open firewall:
-open 1194 udp on firewall; to device
-  <current>
--------------------------------------------
-#**samba share basics**
--------------------------------------------
-  sudo apt update
-  sudo apt install samba
-  sudo adduser username
-  sudo smbpasswd -a username
-  mkdir /home/username/sharename
-  nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
-  [sharename]
-  path = /home/username/sharename
-  available = yes
-  valid users = camalas
-  read only = no
-  browseable = yes
-  public = yes
-  writable = yes
--------------------------------------------
-#**sitc**
--------------------------------------------
-start or stop network manager (or other services)
-  systemctl <start/stop/restart> networkmanager.service
-  /etc/init.d/network-manager stop <start/stop/restart>
-verify dhcp client working for interface eno1
-  dhclient -v eno1
-add subnet to interface eno1
-  ip address add 192.1##.1##.2/24 dev eno1
-interface tool w/ eno1 example
-  ethtool eno1
-interface with switch using screen
-  screen /dev/ttyUSB0/ 19200
-calculate subnet automatically
-  subnetcalc
-proxying web traffic through remote server
-  ssh -D <port#> <user>@<domain.com>
-get block ID of drives
-  blkid
-nmap example to get addresses of hosts / devices on lan
-  nmap -sP 10.##.##.0/24
-find utils example
-  find . -iname "<name>"
--------------------------------------------
-#**git basics**
--------------------------------------------
-git - force git to use ssh & pull / push to verify
-  git remote set-url origin git@github.com:oemb1905/haackyard-gh.git
-  git clone ssh://<user>@<##.##.##.##>/home/git .
-  git commit -am"notes inside here"
-  git pull
-  git push
--------------------------------------------
-#**nano / text editor basics**
--------------------------------------------
-  ctl-r         read -open file curr. buffer, or new in multibuffer mode, enter4new empty buffer
-  ctl-o         writeout i.e. save file
-  cctl-x         exit i.e. quit; also exits from buffer in multibuffer mode; asks writeout/save
-  ctl-g         get help/aid/assistance
-  enter, ctl-m  newline
-  bksp, ctl-h   delete previous character
-  del, ctl-d    delete current character
-  left, ctl-b   backward character
-  right, ctl-f  forward character
-  home, ctl-a   beginning of line
-  end, ctl-e    end of line
-  up, ctl-p     previous line
-  down, ctl-n   next line
-  pgup, ctl-y   previous page
-  pgdn, ctl-v   next page
-  m-space       previous word
-  ctl-space     next word
-  alt-\         beginning of file
-  alt-/         end of file
-  ctl-c         display cursor position
-  ctl-/         go i.e. jump to line and column
-  ctl-^         set/unset mark; or alt-a
-  alt-^         copy marked, or copy line if nomark; actually alt-6 i.e. do not need shift key
-  ctl-k         cut marked or cut lineifnomark or cut2end line if cut2end is enabled using
-  alt-k
-  ctl-u         paste cut or copied
-  alt-t         cut to end of file
-  ctl-w         search
-  alt-w         search again
-  alt-r         search and replace
-  alt-<         previous file buffer; actually alt-, i.e. do not need shift key
-  alt->         next file buffer; actually alt-. i.e. do not need shift key
-  alt-x         toggle bottom help display
-  alt-y         toggle color syntax hiliting;colors config via /usr/share/nano/*.nanorc files
-  alt-c         toggle cursor position display
-  alt-d         toggle dos/unix format option at writeout/save prompt
-  alt-k         toggle cut to end of line
-  ctl-t         show file list at read/open prompt
-  ctl-x         prompt for external command to execute at read/open prompt and insert output
-  ctl-z         suspend to shell; use fg to return
--------------------------------------------
-#**scripts and miscellaneous**
--------------------------------------------
-downloading scripts and executing them; example from DO
-  curl -sSL https://agent.digitalocean.com/install.sh | sh
-ngrok notes; private http(s) tunnels
-  ./ngrok http 80
-  wget https://[ngrok tunnel]/id_rsa.pub
-  cat ~/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
-query hosts on the lan
-  avahi-browse -tl _workstation._tcp
-Debian print system configuration to stdout; use root
-  cat /proc/cpuinfo && lspci | grep -i vga && uname -a && lsb_release -a
-  lsb_release -a
-  lspci
-Debian repo management
-  cd /etc/apt
-  nano sources.lsit
-  [main contrib non-free]
-Uploading files to remote webservers with sftp
-  cd ~/Downloads
-  sftp user@host.com:/path/to/sftp/directory/of/choice/
-  > put /path/to/file.txt
--------------------------------------------
-#**Building From Source to Custom library Location**
--------------------------------------------
-tar -xf <source_filename>
-Navigate to the directory that tar unarchived the files to.  Then, within that directory, execute:
-  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
-  make
-  sudo make install clean
--------------------------------------------
-#**Cacti Server Notes**
--------------------------------------------
-Installing snmpd to an embedded system and then installing cacti to a client to monitor the
-device. Additionally, this tutorial covers one way to monitor a client without an snmpd server
-running on the client machine (ping only).  The embedded OS is openWRT on a Netgear WNDR.
-  ssh -p ###### root@nameofembeddedhost
-  opkg update
-  opkg install snmpd
-  cd /etc/config
-  nano snmpd
-  /etc/init.d/snmpd enable
-  /etc/init.d/snmpd restart
-There are many customizations possible, but my colleagues recommend the minimum of changing the
-name of the public community to something indicative of the network purpose.  Additionally, it
-is also adviseable to change three fields below that refer to the physical location, ip address, and the contact email for the system administrator in charge of managing the snmp server.  Once you are done, continue to installing cacti on a network machine that will field the incoming snmp request
-  sudo apt install cacti
-I used the default recommendations, however, when cacti failed repeatedly I was forced to use the
-reconfiguration command below.  The OS I used in this case was Debian 9.2.1 Stretch.
-  sudo dpkg-reconfigure cacti
-  <Yes, rebuild database, default to other options>
-  <I chose matching MySQL pass because it failed with blank>
-At this point, cacti should work so to speak, but it will need to be configured and have its license terms accepted.  Since cacti utilizes a web server with which users may access its data, users must configure cacti within that interface.  FYI - I chose defaults, and used apache2, as follows  from within the Firefox web-browser:
-  localhost/cacti
-  <say yes to EULA, etc.>
-  <user: admin>
-  <pass: admin>
-Since cacti's web server is running, its web server page can highlight information from the snmp server that it queries information from as a client (& many other queries too!).  I would error on the side of portraying more information, not less, so consider the following configurations from within the web interface.
-  Device
-  Add
-  #SNMP Server#
-  ucd/net SNMP Host
-  Ping or SNMP
-  ICMP Ping
-  Version 2
-  <name of public community chosen ^>
-During this install I had a conflict with a previously installed web server nginx, so I had to find its process and then kill it:
-  netstat -enpl
-  sudo kill -XXX PID
-After that, I restarted the web-server apache2 as follows:
-  sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
--------------------------------------------
-#**Private Git Server**
--------------------------------------------
-Configure the machine that will be running the git server first.  In order, this requires creating the git user, and then creating the .ssh directory and authorized keys files, and then establishing appropriate permissions.
-  sudo adduser git
-  su - git
-  cd ~
-  mkdir .ssh && chmod 700 .ssh
-  touch .ssh/authorized_keys && chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
-You can add keys to authorized keys file using copy and paste, or using some bash syntax (from within the git user's shell) as follows:
-  cat /tmp/id_rsa.john.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
-Now, let's finish configuring the server.
-  cd /srv
-  mkdir git
-  cd git/
-  mkdir repositoryname.git
-  cd repositoryname.git/
-  git init --bare --shared
-The shared option above allows more than just the git user to write to the repository.  The users must have permissions to do so, however, so since the directories were created by the git user, one can add the user to the git group.  If you need this functionality, then on the server, make sure to execute the following command for each user:
-  sudo adduser <username> git
-The instructions below assume the clients are on the same LAN and using a directory in their home directory dedicated to git repos.  If the clients are not on the same LAN, then use openvpn to tunnel into the LAN.
-  cd ~
-  mkdir git
-  cd git/
-  git clone git@gitserver:/srv/git/repositoryname.git
-  cd repositoryname/
-  nano README
-  git commit -am"added a line to README for repository participants"
-  git push origin master
-This method has everyone using the user git in order to clone the repository, and unless tweaked will allow users shell access to the server.  To stop shell access, simply add :/bin/false to the end of the git user's entry in /etc/passwd.
-Using other user names for access / cloning will be covered in a later tutorial.
--------------------------------------------
-#**Installing openWRT onto a WNDR 3800 router**
--------------------------------------------
-Download the image for openWRT.  I used the following site:
-  https://downloads.openwrt.org/chaos_calmer/15.05.1/ar71xx/generic/openwrt-15.05.1-ar71xx-generic-wndr3800-squashfs-factory.img
-Before you begin preparing the WNDR3800, you should ensure your network interface is on the proper subnet.  I chose the 105 for the last octet.  This can be done as follows:
-  ip a a 192.168.1.105/24 dev <devid>
-If you are unsure what your device id is, please run:
-  ip a
-Now, you are ready to install the image.  Using a paper clip or other pick, and with the WNDR plugged in but powered off, depress the reset button on the backside with the paper clip, and while keeping it depressed, power up the WNDR by pressing its power button, all while simultaneously maintaining the depression of the reset button.  If you followed the steps correctly, the lights will start amber, then flicker amber, then flicker green and then change to solid green.  The device is now in the proper mode to accept transmission of the image.  Nevertheless, it is good to ping the device and you will see a specific error that will indicate it is in the proper mode. Those steps are:
-  ping 192.168.1.1
-  curl -T ~/Downloads/openwrt-15.05.1-ar71xx-generic-wndr3800-squashfs-factory.img tftp://192.168.1.1
-The device will automatically reboot when the image completes transfer.  You may verify the install by visiting the following site in a web browser:
-.168.1.1
--------------------------------------------
-#**Beagle Bone Black w/ Debian**
--------------------------------------------
-To locate device if auto-mounted
-  sudo dmesg
-  umount /dev/mmcblk0p1
-Optional: use fdisk to remove the partition first before dding ...
-  sudo dd of=/dev/mmcblk0 if=/home/sexa/Downloads/bone-debian-9.2-iot-armhf-2017-10-10-4gb.img bs=1M conv=fdatasync [or && sync]
-After this, pull out SD card.  Plug back in.  Locate where it mounted, prepare to edit file to allow it to run the installer upon boot.  This is located in boot/enV.txt relative to wherever the media mounted.  Eg., cd /media/sexa/rootfs/boot/
-  cmdline=init=/opt/scripts/tools/eMMC/init-eMMC-flasher-v3.sh
-Get out of the directory asap.  then:
-  umount /dev/mmcblk0p1
-Now that the image has been turned into an installer, you may put the microSD card into the Beagle Bone (without power).
-If there is a fourth pin, usually red, do not use.  We only need input, output, and ground.
-  sudo screen <devicename> 115200
-  sudo screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 [Example]
-{{:computing:b1.jpg?400|}}
--------------------------------------------
-#**Screen**
--------------------------------------------
-Using ssh to tunnel to another host, and then executing screen to keep the session persistent.
-  ssh -p ### -t user@host.com screen -DRO
-Using screen with usb to serial adapter
-  sudo screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
-Some other common speeds are 9600, 57600, 38400, 19200
--------------------------------------------
-#**next topic**
--------------------------------------------
-git clone git@gitserver:/srv/git/project.git
--------------------------------------------
-#**virt-manager stuff**
--------------------------------------------
-Start defualt
-  sudo virsh net-start default
-Remove bridge
-  sudo ifconfig virbr0 dow
-  sudo brctl delbr virbr0
-List all
-  sudo virsh net-list --all
--------------------------------------------
-#**rsync**
--------------------------------------------
-  sudo rsync -avxHAX --progress /sourcefiles/path /backup/path
--------------------------------------------
-#**openvpn ciphr changes**
--------------------------------------------
-Server; for /etc/config/openvpnconfig/nameofvpnserver.conf
-  tls-version-min 1.2
-  tls-cipher      TLS-DHE-RSA-WITH-AES-256-GCM-SHA384:TLS-DHE-RSA-WITH-AES-256-CBC-SHA256:TLS-DHE-RSA-WITH-AES-128-GCM-SHA256
-Client; for .ovpn config file
-  cipher AES-256-CBC
--------------------------------------------
-#**next topic**
--------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------
-#**next topic**
--------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------
-#**next topic**
--------------------------------------------
- --- //[[netcmnd@jonathanhaack.com|oemb1905]] 2017/12/18 23:04//

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