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  * **beagleboneblack** 
  * **Jonathan Haack**
  * **Haack's Networking**
  * **netcmnd@jonathanhaack.com** 

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==Installing Debian on Beagle Boards==

Insert microsd on host workstation, unmount in order to write the .img to the disk

  sudo dmesg
  umount /dev/mmcblk0p1

Write the debian image to the SD Card using dd command

  sudo dd of=/dev/mmcblk0 if=/home/sexa/Downloads/bone-debian-9.2-iot-armhf-2017-10-10-4gb.img bs=1M conv=fdatasync [or && sync]

Pull out the SD card and then put back in so that it mounts read/write and then edit: 

  vi /media/username/rootfs/boot/uEnv.txt
  cmdline=init=/opt/scripts/tools/eMMC/init-eMMC-flasher-v3.sh [uncomment this line in the config]

Use screen and a serial usb adapter to oversee the installation since ssh will likely get broken during the post-install cleanup.
The adapter's tx goes to bb's rx, and so on.  For the beaglebone black pin setup, see bit.ly/2DhU6Vx

  sudo screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 [Example]

Once the device powers off, remove the microSD card or it will flash the eMMC again and again.  Now, prepare the bb
for shell access by editing your ssh config:

  vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
  <PermitRootLogin yes>

Add a password for root, then test the shell access, add the public keysto the authorized_keys file

  ssh root@xx.xx.xx.xx
  ssh-copy-id root@xx.xx.xx.xx
  vi /root/.ssh/authorized_keys [copy and paste the pub keys]

==Clean Up Post-Install==

Install deborphan in order to remove hanging dependencies from apps that we will later strip.

  apt-get install screen deborphan ntp 

The new version has an ntp server, but retaining here in case setting up legacy system.  Now, prepare  network interfaces:

  vi /etc/network/interfaces 
  <uncomment these parameters>
  auto eth0
  iface eth0 inet dhcp
  <comment out any other paramaters besides loopback>

It is now time to strip the bb of the stock apps, etc.  If you prefer to use ssh over serial, then use screen as follows:
  
  ssh -t root@xx.xx.xx.xx screen -DRO 

Now, let's remove the unnecessary packages (as root) - but bear in mind that these may change in future releases:

  for i in c9-core-installer udhcpd chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra connman lximage-qt lxmenu-data pcmanfm-qt qupzilla xserver-xorg-core "light*" chromium-browser nodejs "lxqt*" xserver-common "apache2*" bluez "xfonts*" "x11-*" "x11proto-*" build-essential alsa-utils; do apt-get -y purge $i; done
  apt remove --purge c9-core-installer bonescript bone101

Sometimes ssh hangs at this stage, so if so, use serial.

  apt-get --purge autoremove 
  apt-get --purge remove `deborphan`

Run this last command a few times until everything is removed.

  apt-get dist-upgrade
  apt-get clean

Change hostname, remove the splash/motd 

  vi /etc/hosts
  vi /etc/hostname
  vi /etc/issue.net to remove the goofy ssh splash
  
Edit logs and cron to limit writes
  
  cd /var/log && rm lastlog && ln -s /dev/null lastlog
  cd /etc/cron.daily && mv man-db man-db.disabled [if it exists]

To find latest writes to disk: find / -mount -newermt 14:44:00 [to see what logs are post-updates, i.e., for limiting writes to eMMC]

Verify /etc/fstab configuration, include noatime, for example:

  UUID=57e4a3f6-7951-40ae-ad25-b445959e1c30  /  ext4  noatime,errors=remount-ro  0  1
  debugfs  /sys/kernel/debug  debugfs  defaults  0  0

#If we use an external sdcard, we are less concerned with re-writes, so enable the logs on the sdcard (create directories for each location below, mountpoints, etc.)
  UUID=eb885f2f-28a4-49a6-99c9-3f8b0b7a871d /sdcard ext4 noatime,nofail,errors=remount-ro  0  2

  /sdcard/tmp           /tmp            none bind,nofail 0 0
  /sdcard/var/log       /var/log        none bind,nofail 0 0
  /sdcard/var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql  none bind,nofail 0 0 
  /sdcard/var/lib/cacti/ /var/lib/cacti none bind,nofail 0 0 
  /sdcard/var/lib/ntp    /var/lib/ntp   none bind,nofail 0 0

Removing bloat update
  
  sudo systemctl stop cloud9.service cloud9.socket
  sudo systemctl disable cloud9.service cloud9.socket
  sudo rm -rf /var/lib/cloud9 /opt/cloud9 /etc/default/cloud9 /lib/systemd/system/cloud9.*
  sudo systemctl daemon-reload                  
  sudo systemctl stop bonescript-autorun.service bonescript.service bonescript.socket
  sudo systemctl disable bonescript-autorun.service bonescript.service bonescript.socket
  sudo rm -rf /lib/systemd/system/bonescript* /usr/local/lib/node_modules/bonescript
  sudo systemctl daemon-reload
  sudo apt remove -purge apache2* nginx*
  cd /opt/
  rm -rf *
  sudo apt autoremove

Debian Bullseye sources.list

  deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
  #deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
  deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
  #deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
  deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
  #deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
  deb [arch=armhf] http://repos.rcn-ee.com/debian/ bullseye main
  #deb-src [arch=armhf] http://repos.rcn-ee.com/debian/ bullseye main

This tutorial is a designated "Invariant Section" of the "Technotronic" section of Haack's Wiki as described on the [[https://jonathanhaack.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=start|Start Page]].

 --- //[[jonathan@haacksnetworking.org|oemb1905]] 2023/02/26 17:52//
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