Building a linux from scratch (lfs) system. [in progress, see associated Repository.]
First, set up the host system with min requirements
sudo apt install bash binutils bison bzip2 coreutils diffutils findutils gawk gcc g++ grep m4 make patch perl sed tar texinfo xz-utils
Verify that the versions are good
cd ~
Copy and paste the version-check.sh contents into your terminal, then run
bash version-check.sh
Update or add anything missing, and if you need to symlink sh to bash that would be
cd /bin/ sudo ln -sf bash /bin/sh
Now check your libraries with library-check.sh, and remember it should have none of them or all of them only
cd ~
Copy and paste the library-check.sh contents into your terminal, then run
bash library-check.sh
We can now start preparing the partition for the LFS work
sudo -i sudo apt install gparted sudo gparted
Inside gparted, create one partition. In a future tutorial, I will do more than one partition. Once set up, edit fstab
sudo nano /etc/fstab
Here are some suggested defaults
/dev/vda3 /media/lfs ext4 defaults 1 1
Now that you have created that entry, add environment variables to .bashrc for your user and for your root
nano ~/.bashrc nano /root/.bashrc
In the file that opens, add this env variable to the body
export LFS=/media/lfs
Reboot the system, make sure the external partition auto-mounts, and its location matches the output of
echo $LFS
Ok, now we will create a sources directory on the partition and create a file called wget-list
mkdir -v $LFS/sources chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources nano wget-list
In the file that opens, copy and paste the contents of http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/7.9/wget-list then execute this within same directory as above
wget --input-file=wget-list --continue --directory-prefix=$LFS/sources
You can do similar trick with md5sum to ensure every download completed with integrity
nano $LFS/sources/md5sums
In that file, enter the contents of http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/7.9/md5sums and then execute
pushd $LFS/sources md5sum -c md5sums popd
Now, add a non-privileged user to prepare for building
groupadd lfs useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs passwd lfs chown -v lfs $LFS/tools chown -v lfs $LFS/sources su - lfs
Once you are logged in to the user, set up your bashrc and profile and re-establish the environment variables
cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF" exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash EOF
And, make sure that the $LFS variable matches your mount point above, and not the default from the text
cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF" set +h umask 022 LFS=/media/lfs LC_ALL=POSIX LFS_TGT=$(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu PATH=/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH EOF
Now, source both
source ~/.bash_profile source ~/.bashrc
Once this is done, you are ready to start building the packages in $LFS/sources from source. Make sure you are logged in as lfs, and env are set
su - lfs echo $LFS
For building the packages from source … the basics are as follows …
cd $LFS/sources tar xvf example.bz cd example make make install clean cd ../ rm example.bz
But, each package has special build instructions, so this is a point where we need to proceed slowly. Starting with binutils:
tar xvf binutils-2.26.tar.bz2
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/tools \
--with-sysroot=$LFS \
--with-lib-path=/tools/lib \
--target=$LFS_TGT \
--disable-nls \
--disable-werror
make
case $(uname -m) in
x86_64) mkdir -v /tools/lib && ln -sv lib /tools/lib64 ;;
esac
make install
cd ../../
rm binutils-2.26.tar.bz2
Ok, so now you can see how despite the general rules for building from source, there will be significant variations for each package
— oemb1905 2019/12/30 02:37